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Most conventional loans are what’s known as “conforming loans,” which “conform” to a set of standards set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Conventional loans boast great rates, lower costs, and home buying flexibility. So, it’s no surprise that it’s the loan option of choice for about two-thirds of home purchase borrowers.
Highlights of the conventional loan program:
- Can be used to buy a primary residence, second home or rental property
- Down payments as low as 3% for eligible buyers
- No monthly private mortgage insurance (PMI) with a down payment of at least 20%
- Lower mortgage insurance costs than FHA loans
- Mortgage insurance is cancelable when home equity reaches 20% (unlike with the federal government-backed FHA loans)
Click here to check today's conforming loan rates (Oct 25th, 2026)
In this article:
- Conventional mortgage down payment
- Private mortgage insurance (PMI) requirements
- Credit score minimums
- Conventional loans and bankruptcy
- Loan limits for 2026
- Eligible properties for conventional financing
Conventional loan requirements for 2026
Conventional conforming loans — the most common type of mortgage — need to meet lending standards set by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Basic conventional loan requirements are as follows:
Conventional mortgage down payment
Conventional loans require as little as 3% down on a primary residence (this is even lower than FHA loans). The 3% option is for first-time home buyers and for buyers whose income is within the HomeReady limits. Other buyers usually need more, and second homes and rental properties need more still. For down payments lower than 20% though, private mortgage insurance (PMI) is required. (PMI can be removed after 20% equity is earned in the home.)
The more you put down, the lower your overall loan costs. Your down payment amount helps determine your PMI rate and interest rate, which affects your monthly payment amount and overall interest costs.
Bottom line: the higher your down payment, the less you’ll spend monthly and over the life of the loan.
You may also use gift funds from a parent or eligible non-profit agency to pay for your entire down payment and loan closing costs. Learn more about gift funds here.
Related: Conventional 97% LTV loan program
Check your conventional loan eligibility here (Oct 25th, 2026)
How down payment affects loan costs
|
Scenario 1* |
Scenario 2 |
Scenario 3 | |
|
Down payment % |
20% |
10% |
5% |
|
Loan amount |
$160,000 |
$180,000 |
$190,000 |
|
PMI rate** |
0% |
0.50% |
0.73% |
|
Monthly payment |
$764 |
$859 |
$907 |
|
PMI amount |
n/a |
$75 |
$116 |
|
Total interest + PMI over 5 years |
$30,548 |
$38,866 |
$43,211 |
*The scenarios are calculated based on a 30-year fixed rate loan at 4% interest for $200,000. Mortgage rates are higher now, so real payments will be higher. Use the table to compare how down payment size changes costs, not to estimate your payment.
**Assumes a 720-739 credit score.
Source: CFPB.
Private mortgage insurance (PMI)
PMI is required any time you put less than 20% down on a conventional loan. Once you reach 20% equity in your home, you can ask to have it removed. It ends on its own when your balance reaches 78% of the home’s original value. FHA mortgage insurance is different. It lasts for the life of the loan if you put down less than 10%, and for 11 years if you put down 10% or more.
For those with good credit, private mortgage insurance on conventional loans can cost less than FHA mortgage insurance premiums. Why? PMI is risk-based insurance, like auto insurance, meaning the better your credit history, the lower your premiums. The lower your premiums, the lower your monthly mortgage payment. So you benefit if you have a clean history.
Each private mortgage insurance company has varying rates for different down payment and credit score scenarios. Make sure your lender shops around for the best PMI cost for you.
For an in-depth comparison of PMI and FHA mortgage insurance, see our post that compares FHA to the Conventional 97 loan.
Can a second mortgage eliminate PMI?
One loan option some buyers use is the piggyback mortgage, also called the 80-10-10 or 80-5-15 mortgage.
This loan structure uses a conventional loan as the first mortgage (80% of the purchase price), a simultaneous second mortgage (10% of the purchase price), and a 10% homebuyer down payment. The combination of both loans can help you avoid PMI, because the lender considers the second loan as part of your down payment. A piggyback loan can make homeownership accessible for those who have saved 10% but not a full 20% down payment.
For an in-depth look at these loans, see our piggyback loan blog post.
Conventional loan credit scores
In general, conventional loans are best suited for those with a credit score of 680 or higher. If you have a higher credit score, it’s possible that a conventional loan will offer the lowest mortgage rate. Applicants with lower scores may still qualify, but they can expect to pay higher interest rates.
Fannie Mae no longer sets a minimum credit score for loans that its Desktop Underwriter system approves. A loan that is underwritten by hand needs at least a 620 score for a fixed-rate loan, or 640 for an adjustable-rate loan. Lenders and mortgage insurers can set higher minimums, and many still ask for 620. Some approved lenders can also use VantageScore 4.0 scores.
Buyers with lower credit scores might benefit from a different type of mortgage, perhaps one backed by a government agency. Some other loan programs may cost less overall. For example, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac impose Loan Level Price Adjustments (LLPA) to lenders who then pass those costs to the consumer. This fee costs more the lower your credit score.
For instance, someone with a 780 score putting 20% down on a home has 0.375% added to their loan fee. Someone with a 660 score and the same down payment has 1.875% added. Lenders usually pass these fees on as a higher interest rate instead of charging them upfront.
See the complete matrix of LLPAs.
Conventional loan debt-to-income (DTI) ratios
The maximum debt-to-income ratio (DTI) for a Fannie Mae loan is 50% when the lender uses Desktop Underwriter, Fannie Mae’s automated system. A loan that is underwritten by hand is capped at 36%. The cap rises to 45% if you meet the credit score and cash reserve requirements.
If you have dings on your credit or don’t have a lot of cash reserves, your maximum DTI may be much lower than 50%. In general, the lower your DTI, the higher your chance of loan approval.
The best way to check the maximum home price for your debt-to-income level is to get a pre-approval from a conventional loan lender.
Click here to check your maximum home price (Oct 25th, 2026)
Income and asset documentation
Like with most other mortgage loan types, you’ll be required to provide documentation proving your income and assets. Here’s a list of some of the documentation you may need:
- 60 days of bank statements (all pages)
- 30 days of pay stubs
- 2 years of tax returns if self-employed, have rental properties, or non-salary income (retirement, pension, etc.)
- 2 years W2s
- Social security, retirement and/or pension award letters, and 2 years’ 1099s
- Rental agreements for any investment properties currently owned
Apply for a conventional loan in one minute (Oct 25th, 2026)
Conventional loans and recent bankruptcy
It is possible to be approved for a conventional loan after bankruptcy. There are required waiting periods though, and you must demonstrate you’ve re-established your credit.
The lender must determine the cause and significance of the derogatory information, verify that sufficient time has elapsed since the date of the last derogatory information, and confirm that the borrower has re-established acceptable credit history.
Fannie Mae Guidelines
Required waiting periods after bankruptcy:
- Chapter 7 or Chapter 11: A four-year waiting period, measured from the discharge or dismissal date is required. A waiting period of two years is possible if extenuating circumstances can be documented, such as job loss that is not expected to recur.
- Chapter 13: Two years from the discharge date or four years from the dismissal date. With extenuating circumstances, a waiting period of two years is possible from the dismissal date.
Bankruptcy is never a good thing on your credit report, but it doesn’t necessarily disqualify you from ever getting another mortgage.
Related: Buying a House After a Foreclosure or Short Sale
See if you are eligible for a conventional loan here (Oct 25th, 2026)
What if you don’t qualify for a conventional loan?
After reviewing the qualifications above, you might realize that you don’t qualify for a conventional loan. That shouldn’t dash your homeownership dreams.
Instead, it’s time to consider alternative loan options. If you are a veteran, take a look at the VA loan. If you don’t have a big down payment saved up, consider an FHA loan through the Federal Housing Administration. Or if you live in a rural area, consider a USDA loan.
The right type of loan is out there. If a conventional loan isn’t a great fit, that’s okay!
Conventional loan guidelines 2026
2026 conventional loan limits
The conventional loan limit for 2026 is $832,750 for a single-family home. Though, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have designated high-cost areas where limits are higher. For example, a single-family home in Seattle, Washington could have a maximum loan of $1,063,750. The same home located in Los Angeles, California would be eligible for a loan amount up to $1,249,125.
Increased loan amounts are also available for 2-, 3-, and 4-unit homes. For multi-unit homes located in high-cost areas, loan limits are even higher. For example, a 4-unit home in Honolulu, Hawaii can be financed up to $2,402,625.
Baseline conventional loan limits:
- 1-unit home: $832,750
- 2-unit home: $1,066,250
- 3-unit home: $1,288,800
- 4-unit home: $1,601,750
For homes that exceed the conforming loan limit, borrowers may be able to purchase with a jumbo loan.
Check your conforming loan eligibility and today's rates here (Oct 25th, 2026)
Eligible properties for conventional financing
- Single-family homes (detached homes)
- Planned Unit Developments (PUDs), which typically consist of detached homes within a homeowners’ association
- Condominiums
- 2-, 3-, and 4-unit properties
- Some co-op properties
- Manufactured homes (although few lenders offer this program)
Conventional loans for condominiums
Many condo projects across the country are eligible for conventional financing. There are some specific guidelines that must be met, though. For newly built or converted condo projects, there may be some additional exceptions. If you are unsure if a unit in a condo project you are interested in meets these guidelines, ask your real estate agent or loan officer.
Here are some of the conventional loan requirements a condo must meet to be eligible:
- All common areas must be complete and owned by the unit owners or HOA
- In a new project, at least 50% of the units must be sold or under contract to buyers who will use them as a primary residence or second home
- The HOA must have an adequate budget
- At least 90% of the units must be sold and currently owned by unit owners (existing projects)
- No single owner or investor may hold more than 20% of the units in a project with 21 or more units (or more than 2 units in a project with 11 to 20 units)
- The project must be adequately covered by insurance
Second homes and investment/rental properties
Unlike government loan programs, conventional loans can be used to purchase a second home or a rental property. Interest rates and down payment requirements are higher when financing a rental home, but the conventional loan remains one of the few loan programs available to purchase rental properties.
Click here for today's rental property and second home interest rates (Oct 25th, 2026)
Conventional loan guidelines FAQ
What is a conforming loan?
A conforming loan has a dollar amount at or below the limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Additionally, conforming loans must meet the funding criteria set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
On the lender’s side, this allows them to sell conforming loans on the secondary mortgage market, which frees up capital for lenders to continue making home loans to other borrowers.
What is a mortgage loan limit?
A mortgage loan limit represents the maximum loan amount that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will purchase or guarantee for mortgage lenders.
With that, mortgage lenders are able to lend more than this dollar amount. But if a lender extends a mortgage for more than the conforming loan limits, the lender cannot sell the mortgage to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
Why do loan limits matter?
Loan limits matter because many lenders want to sell their home loans on the secondary mortgage market. As a result, borrowers can be hard-pressed to find a lender that’s willing to offer a loan over the predetermined limit.
When shopping for a home, buyers should keep the conforming loan limits in mind. Although it’s possible to get a larger loan, conventional loans that meet these standard limits are much easier to come by.
What if my loan is over the conventional loan limit?
If your loan is over the conventional loan limit, that makes it a non-conforming loan. As a borrower, this means that you’ll face higher monthly payments based on the high dollar amount of your loan. Additionally, the lender won’t be able to sell your loan on the secondary mortgage market.
What’s the jumbo loan limit for 2026?
A home loan that exceeds the conforming loan limits is considered a jumbo mortgage.
As of 2026, that means a home loan for more than $832,750 for a single-family home in most of the country. However, the median home value around the country varies dramatically. With that, the conforming loan limits are higher in places like Washington D.C., San Francisco, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, New York and more.
The FHFA accounts for higher cost of living areas by raising the conforming loan limit for single-family homes to as much as $1,249,125. With that, single-family home loans must exceed the local limit, which is up to $1,249,125, in high-cost areas to be considered a jumbo loan.
What are the conventional loan limits for 2026?
The conventional loan limit for 2026 is $832,750 for a single-family home. However, in high-cost-of-living areas, the conventional loan limit expands to as much as $1,249,125 for single-family homes.
The conventional loan limit for a two-unit property in 2026 is $1,066,250. But in high-cost areas, the limit for two-unit homes expands up to $1,599,375.
What is considered a jumbo loan in 2026?
A jumbo loan is a loan that exceeds the conforming loan limits. With that, a loan of over $832,750 in 2026 for a single-family home in most of the country would be considered a jumbo loan. However, in high-cost areas, a single-family home loan would need to exceed the local limit, which is up to $1,249,125, to be considered a jumbo loan.
What are the Fannie Mae loan limits for 2026?
The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) set the conforming loan limit baseline at $832,750 for 2026. With that, Fannie Mae is only willing to acquire mortgages of up to $832,750 for single-family homes in 2026 in low-cost areas.
However, in higher-cost-of-living areas, Fannie Mae loan limits rise up to $1,249,125 for single-family homes.
What are the FHA loan limits for 2026?
FHA sets its own loan limits, and they are lower than the conventional limits in most places. For 2026, the FHA limit for a single-family home is $541,287 in most of the country and up to $1,249,125 in high-cost areas. HUD updates these limits every year.
The FHA limit for your county depends on local home prices. Your lender can tell you the exact limit for the home you want to buy.
Want to learn more about your FHA loan options? Check out our free resources.
I’m ready to apply for a conventional loan
Conventional loans are a great mortgage option for qualifying homebuyers. Depending on your financial situation, it’s likely a conventional loan will offer lower rates than other types of mortgages. Down payments can be as low as 3% for eligible buyers, and private mortgage insurance (PMI) can be canceled once you reach 20% equity.
Click here to check today's conventional loan rates (Oct 25th, 2026)
