Editor’s note: FHA loan changes which were rolled out in 2017 are in effect in 2021. According to Ellie Mae, more lower-credit FHA applicants are being approved. In July 2016, only 19% of closed FHA loans were for applicants with scores of 600-649. By December 2019, that increased to 23.5% of approvals. Lenders are loosening guidelines and encouraging lower-credit applicants to apply.
In light of these developments, it’s worth checking your approval status, even if you’ve been denied before.
Check your FHA home buying eligibility here.
What Are FHA Credit Score Requirements in 2021?
The Federal Housing Administration, or FHA, requires a credit score of at least 500 to buy a home with an FHA loan. A minimum of 580 is needed to make the minimum down payment of 3.5%. However, many lenders require a score of 620 to 640 to qualify.
Thanks to a new FHA policy, lenders appear to have started reducing their FHA minimum credit score requirements starting in 2017, opening homeownership to thousands more home buyers.
FHA loans have helped untold thousands of home shoppers complete their purchases despite low-to-average credit scores. You no longer need to wait to have excellent credit before you buy a home.
Now FHA has implemented a policy that may open the floodgates of new home buyers rushing into the market.
Analysts predict the change could allow 100,000 additional families per year to buy a home with an FHA loan.
Since its inception in 1934, the FHA loan program has enabled more than 40 million families to buy or refinance property. Its extreme popularity is a direct result of its flexibility. The program was built from the ground up to promote homeownership among a portion of the population that would not otherwise qualify.
Click here to check your FHA homebuying eligibility.
What credit score do you need to buy a house?
It’s possible to get an FHA loan with a credit score of 580 or 500, depending on the size of your down payment. VA, USDA, and conventional loans do have a set minimum credit score but lenders will generally require a credit score of at least 620.
Of course, remember that the minimum square will tell you what’s required to qualify, but a lower credit score also usually means higher interest rates.
This table outlines the minimum credit scores typically needed to buy a house based on the type of loan: conventional, FHA, VA or USDA.
| Loan Type | Minimum FICO Credit Score | Intended For |
| FHA | 580 with a 3.5% down payment or 500 with 10% down | Homebuyers with low- to moderate-income |
| VA | No set minimum from the VA although most lenders with require a 620 or higher credit score (some may allow a score as low as 580) | Veterans & Active Military |
| USDA | No set minimum from the USDA although most lenders will require a score of at least 640 | Buyers purchasing a home in a designated rural area |
| Conventional | 620 to 640 | Buyers who want a traditional mortgage |
FHA Beats Conventional Loan Flexibility
Conventional loans offered by mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certainly have their place in the market. But they are not very flexible regarding certain loan criteria. FHA fills in the gaps by offering mortgage approvals to those with
- Medium to low credit
- Lower income
- Income from numerous sources
- Co-borrowers who do not plan to live in the home (non-occupant co-borrowers)
- Down payment gift money, but no down payment of their own
- Properties that are in need of repair
Without FHA, millions of homeowners would be stuck renting years longer than they should. Yet, there is still room for FHA to expand its capacity to serve more aspiring homeowners.
Click here to check your FHA eligibility now.
FHA Lenders Don’t Always Follow FHA Credit Score Minimums
Banks and mortgage companies that offer FHA loans are not required to follow FHA guidelines to the letter.
These are private, for-profit companies that simply approve loans based on guidelines provided by a government agency, namely the Federal Housing Administration, or FHA.
Most if not all lenders across the country impose tougher guidelines for FHA loans than does FHA itself. It doesn’t seem to make a lot of sense until you realize that FHA penalizes lenders for approving too many bad FHA loans.
Yes, FHA actually penalizes lenders if they approve borrowers who default months and years later, even if the loan fits perfectly within FHA’s published guidelines.
Here’s an example.
A borrower applies for a loan and is approved based on FHA’s guidelines. Six months later he loses his job and can no longer make his monthly payments. FHA records that bad loan on the lender’s record.
Too many bad loans and FHA could revoke the lender’s ability to offer FHA loans. That could put some mortgage companies out of business.
Statistically, borrowers with lower credit scores default more often. That’s why most lenders require a higher minimum credit score than does FHA.
Here are credit score minimums as stated by FHA:
- Credit score at or above 580: Eligible for 3.5% down payment
- Credit score of 500-579: Must put 10% down, but still eligible
- Credit score below 500: Not eligible for FHA financing
Most lenders require a score of at least 620-640. But that number could drop closer to FHA’s published minimums because of the new policy.
Click here to see if your credit score is high enough to buy a home.
What was FHA’s Policy Update?
FHA added another layer of evaluation to their current method of identifying high-risk lenders.
Former Policy
FHA’s sole method was to compare an FHA lender with other FHA lenders in the same geographical region. This is known in the lending world as the FHA “compare ratio.”
If a lender had 150% more late-paying loans than other area lenders, it was at risk of getting kicked off of FHA’s approved lender list.
Many banks and mortgage companies had a problem with this method. If nearby lenders had tougher FHA qualification standards and therefore a better book of loans, other area lenders would look comparatively worse.
In theory, an FHA lender could be shut down because the FHA lender across the street raised its minimum credit score requirement from 640 to 680.
This can and did lead to an escalation of sorts – lenders raised their minimum FHA credit score requirements as high or higher than their competitors. FHA’s own policies counteracted its mission to provide access to homeownership to less-than-perfect borrowers.
Updated Policy
While FHA is not ending the “compare ratio” method altogether, it is adding another layer of evaluation.
Now, FHA will separately examine late-paying loans based on the borrowers with credit scores of
- Less than 640
- Between 640 and 680
- Greater than 680
How will this help borrowers with lower scores?
The lender won’t be at risk of losing its FHA credentials if its lower credit score loans are performing similarly to loans within the same credit score bracket. In addition, the comparison will be made nationwide, not just in the lender’s geographical region.
Here’s how it might look in real life. Lender X issues 100 loans to borrowers with scores below 640. Three qualifying borrowers eventually stop making their payments, giving Lender X a “bad loan” rate of 3%.
Lender Y across the street issues 100 loans to borrowers with scores above 680. Only one doesn’t pay his mortgage, giving Lender Y a default rate of 1%.
Under the old rules, Lender X might be in trouble. His “compare ratio” is 300% — double the acceptable level. At this point, Lender X raises its minimum FHA credit score to 680.
Under the new rules, Lender X might be just fine, because FHA compares its default rate to the national average for loans with credit scores below 640.
Now, Lender X can continue helping underserved home buyers, in tune with FHA’s core mission.
In short, this new policy may help to maintain the number of lenders available to borrowers with credit scores that do not meet the minimum requirements of non-FHA loans.
Check your eligibility and current FHA rates here.
When Can Lower Credit Score Borrowers Apply for FHA?
The new policy has been rolled out for a few years (since 2017), so your chosen lender may have changed its internal policy already. But some are slower to adopt new regulations.
Typically, there’s a step-down effect across the lending landscape. One lender will slightly loosen guidelines, followed by others until a majority function similarly. If the new standards work, lenders loosen a bit more.
Lower credit home shoppers should get multiple quotes and call around to multiple lenders. One lender might be an early adopter of new policies, while another waits to see results from everyone else.
Click here to see if you are eligible to buy a home now.
Despite when lenders adopt FHA’s new policy, there is strong reason to believe that they will. Thousands of renters who have been locked out of homeownership due to an imperfect credit history could finally qualify.
Want to know if you qualify now? Contact an FHA lender now who will guide you through the qualification process.
FHA Loan FAQs
What credit score do you need to buy a house?
There is no legal minimum credit score required to qualify for an FHA home mortgage. However, most FHA loans generally require your FICO score to be at least 500-580. The specific numbers required are often considered jointly with what percentage of the home’s value is included in the down payment, if there is one. VA, USDA, and conventional loans (the three other financing options available) usually require a minimum credit score of 620.
What credit score do you need to buy a house for the first time?
There is a selection of mortgage loan programs intended for first-time homebuyers that allow for lower credit scores, including FHA loans available for borrowers with scores as low as 500 (though such loans will require a downpayment of 10%). FHA loans — with just a 3.5% downpayment — are available to borrowers with a credit score of 580 or higher.
Can I get a home with a 500 credit score?
Technically, yes, though it is difficult. Because there is no law stipulating a minimum credit score needed to buy a house (there are, however, laws prohibiting predatory lending practices or discriminations based on race, ethnicity, gender, class, etc.), a lender can, generally speaking, offer loans at their discretion, no matter the borrower’s credit history. Regardless, it’s increasingly rare for lenders to approve home mortgages for borrowers with credit scores at 500 — an FHA loan is likely to be the only type available in this scenario, and most FHA loans given to borrows with a credit score of 500 require a 10% down payment.
Which FICO score do mortgage lenders use?
Most lenders determine a borrower’s creditworthiness based on their FICO score, a credit scoring model and risk analysis system developed by Fair, Isaac, and Company, which quickly became a fixture of consumer lending upon its creation in 1956. FICO scores have different names at each of the three major United States credit report companies: Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. These three are most commonly referred to when a mortgage lender is determining whether to provide you with a loan.
How quickly can I raise my credit score?
Credit scores are the results of many variables (payment history, credit utilization ratio, length of credit history, credit mixture), some of which are calculated quickly, and others that can require weeks or months to accurately compute. Thus, unfortunately, there is no accurate way to fully predict how long or short it will take to earn a better credit score. However, you can begin by focusing on accruing a history of consistent payments, which is the most influential factor in a credit score.
And remember, you’re entitled to a free credit report annually.
